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Spitschan, M., Aguirre, G., Brainard, D. H., & Sweeney, A. (2016). variation of outdoor illumination as a function of solar elevation and light pollution. Scientific Reports, 6(26756).
Added by: Sarina (01/01/2021, 08:45) Last edited by: Sarina (27/02/2026, 14:25)

Resource type: Journal Article
DOI: 10.1038/srep26756
BibTeX citation key: Spitschan2016
View all bibliographic details

Categories: Englisch = English
Keywords: Sonne = Sun
Creators: Aguirre, Brainard, Spitschan, Sweeney
Collection: Scientific Reports

Views: 1/818

Abstract

The illumination of the environment undergoes both intensity and spectral changes during the 24 h cycle of a day. Daylight spectral power distributions are well described by low-dimensional models such as the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage) daylight model, but the performance of this model in non-daylight regimes is not characterised. We measured downwelling spectral irradiance across multiple days in two locations in North America: One rural location (Cherry Springs State Park, PA) with minimal anthropogenic light sources, and one city location (Philadelphia, PA). We characterise the spectral, intensity and colour changes and extend the existing CIE model for daylight to capture twilight components and the spectrum of the night sky.
Added by: Sarina Last edited by: Sarina

Notes

Supplements:

Table S1 | Table of wavelengths. CSV file containing the wavelength spacing for the spectra
in Tables S2 and S3 (280-840 nm with 1 nm spacing).

Table S2 | Data from the Rural location. This CSV file contains 3,192 irradiance spectra
measured at Cherry Springs State Park, PA and associated metadata. Row 1: Date string in 'dd
mmm-yyyy HH:MM:SS' format. Row 2: Date number. Row 3: Solar elevation [°]. Row 4: Lunar
elevation [°]. Row 5: Fraction of the Moon Illuminated [proportion, 0-1]. Rows 6-566 contain the
spectral irradiance as W·m–2·nm–1 according to the wavelength vector given in Table S1. NaN (=
'not a number') values indicate out of wavelength range for spectrometer used.

Table S3 | Data from the City location. This CSV file contains 3,199 irradiance spectra
measured at Philadelphia, PA and associated metadata. Row 1: Date string in 'dd-mmm-yyyy
HH:MM:SS' format. Row 2: Date number. Row 3: Solar elevation [°]. Row 4: Lunar elevation [°].
Row 5: Fraction of the Moon Illuminated [proportion, 0-1]. Rows 6-566 contain the spectral
irradiance as W·m–2·nm–1 according to the wavelength vector given in Table S1. NaN (= 'not a
number') values indicate out of wavelength range for spectrometer used.
Table S4 | Tabulation of CIE+3R (Rural) model. CSV file. Column 1: Wavelength vector (360
830 nm with 1 nm spacing). Column 2: CIE S0. Column 3: CIE S1. Column 4: CIE S2. Column
5: CIE+1. Column 6: CIE+2. Column 7: CIE+3R. Each basis function is normalised to have unit
L2 norm.

Table S5 | Tabulation of CIE+3C (City) model. CSV file. Column 1: Wavelength vector (360
830 nm with 1 nm spacing). Column 2: CIE S0. Column 3: CIE S1. Column 4: CIE S2. Column
5: CIE+1. Column 6: CIE+2. Column 7: CIE+3C. Each basis function is normalised to have unit
L2 norm.

Table S6 | Best-fitting weights of CIE+3R model to Rural spectra as a function of solar
elevation. Column 1: Solar elevation [°]. Columns 2 & 3: Mean±1SD scalar to map into absolute
irradiance. Columns 4 & 5: Mean±1SD weight of CIE S0. Columns 6 & 7: Mean±1SD weight of
CIE S1. Columns 8 & 9: Mean±1SD weight of CIE S2. Columns 10 & 11: Mean±1SD weight of
CIE+1. Columns 12 & 13: Mean±1SD weight of CIE+2. Columns 12 & 13: Mean±1SD weight of
CIE+3R. Values were binned between –30° and 74° of solar elevation, with 2° spacing. NaN (=
'not a number') values indicate that no data were available at that solar elevation.

Table S7 | Best-fitting weights of CIE+3C model to City spectra as a function of solar
elevation. Column 1: Solar elevation [°]. Columns 2 & 3: Mean±1SD scalar to map into absolute
irradiance. Columns 4 & 5: Mean±1SD weight of CIE S0. Columns 6 & 7: Mean±1SD weight of
CIE S1. Columns 8 & 9: Mean±1SD weight of CIE S2. Columns 10 & 11: Mean±1SD weight of
CIE+1. Columns 12 & 13: Mean±1SD weight of CIE+2. Columns 12 & 13: Mean±1SD weight of
CIE+3C. Values were binned between –30° and 74° of solar elevation, with 2° spacing. NaN (=
'not a number') values indicate that no data were available at that solar elevation.

Added by: Sarina Last edited by: Sarina