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Chellappa, S. L., Steiner, R., Blattner, P., Oelhafen, P., Götz, T., & Cajochen, C. (2011). Non-visual effects of light on melatonin, alertness and cognitive performance: can blue-enriched light keep us alert? PLos ONE, 6(1), 1–11. 
Added by: Sarina (2013-03-28 14:56:36)   Last edited by: Sarina (2013-03-28 14:57:10)
Resource type: Journal Article
BibTeX citation key: Chellappa2011
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 Categories: Englisch = English
Creators: Blattner, Cajochen, Chellappa, Götz, Oelhafen, Steiner
Collection: PLos ONE		 Views: 5/900
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Abstract
Background: Light exposure can cascade numerous effects on the human circadian process via the non-imaging forming
system, whose spectral relevance is highest in the short-wavelength range. Here we investigated if commercially available
compact fluorescent lamps with different colour temperatures can impact on alertness and cognitive performance.
Methods: Sixteen healthy young men were studied in a balanced cross-over design with light exposure of 3 different light
settings (compact fluorescent lamps with light of 40 lux at 6500K and at 2500K and incandescent lamps of 40 lux at 3000K)
during 2 h in the evening.


Results: Exposure to light at 6500K induced greater melatonin suppression, together with enhanced subjective alertness,
well-being and visual comfort. With respect to cognitive performance, light at 6500K led to significantly faster reaction times
in tasks associated with sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance and GO/NOGO Task), but not in tasks associated with
executive function (Paced Visual Serial Addition Task). This cognitive improvement was strongly related with attenuated
salivary melatonin levels, particularly for the light condition at 6500K.


Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of the human alerting and cognitive response to polychromatic light
at levels as low as 40 lux, is blue-shifted relative to the three-cone visual photopic system. Thus, the selection of
commercially available compact fluorescent lights with different colour temperatures significantly impacts on circadian
physiology and cognitive performance at home and in the workplace.


  
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